anṛṇa

 In Sanskrit, "Anṛṇa" (अनृण) is an adjective meaning “free from debt,” “unindebted,” or “not under obligation,” both in the literal and moral sense.

Definition and Etymology

The term Anṛṇa is formed from the negative prefix “an-” and “ṛṇa” 

(ऋण), which means debt or obligation. Thus, Anṛṇa literally translates

to “without debt” or “debtless”

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. It can also imply

not owing gratitude or not being under moral or social 

obligation

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Usage in Classical Sanskrit Literature

• Debtlessness in Dharma: In the context of Dharmaśāstra or Hindu
• philosophy, every person is believed to have three debts: to the 
• Sages, the Gods, and the Ancestors. One becomes Anṛṇa (debt-free)
• by learning the Vedas (repaying sages), performing sacrifices 
• (repaying gods), and begetting a son or fulfilling duties toward 
• ancestors (repaying manes)

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• Grammatical Form: Anṛṇa is an adjective and can take masculine, 
• feminine, or neuter forms, with the abstract forms being anṛṇatā 
• (feminine) or anṛṇatva (neuter) to denote the state of being free
• from debt

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• Examples: Classical texts such as the Manusmṛti mention the term
• as: pitṝṇāmanṛṇaḥ – “debtless with respect to ancestors”

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  . In
• literary contexts, it is used in compounds or as part of poetic 
• expressions indicating someone who is neither indebted nor 
• obliged in any sense.
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Related Forms

• Anṛṇin (अनृणिन्): A synonym derived from the same root, also 
• meaning free from debt or obligation, with standard Sanskrit 
• declensions for masculine, feminine, and neuter

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• Anṛṇatā (अनृणता): Feminine noun denoting the quality or state 
• of being debt-free or unindebted

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Derived and Regional Usages

• In Marathi, a related form anṛṇa similarly signifies being free 
• from debt

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• In Hindi, अनृणता (anṛṇatā) is a direct borrowing from Sanskrit and 
• carries the same meaning

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In summary, Anṛṇa denotes a state of freedom from financial, moral, 

or societal obligation, is widely used in classical texts, and has both 

adjective and abstract noun forms in Sanskrit and related Indian 

languages

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