apa krośa

 

The Sanskrit term अपक्रोशः (apa krośaḥ) is a compound derived from:

• अप (apa) – a prefix meaning “away,” “down,” or conveys negation or reduction.
• क्रोश (krośa) – from the root क्रुश् (kruś), which primarily means “to cry out,
• shout, or scream.” It may also denote “abuse, reviling, scolding, or censure” 
• when used as a noun in contexts of speech.

Thus, apa krośa literally conveys the notion of abuse, reviling, or verbal reproach

directed at someone. It is used in classical Sanskrit texts to denote abuse,

insulting language, or speaking harshly to another.

Examples and Context:

Rāmāyaṇa 3.56.22 references apa krośa to imply anger or rebuke:

“न तु शक्यमपक्रोशं पृथिव्यां दातुमात्मनः”

Meaning roughly: “It is not possible for one to release abuse or reproach

upon the earth itself.”

Derived usage: The term appears alongside other compounds involving 

krośa, such as:

• अभिक्रोशः (abhi krośaḥ) – one who reviles; a calumniator.
• उपक्रोशः (upa krośaḥ) – censure, reproach, or ignominy.

Semantic spectrum: In the hierarchy of verbal expression derived from

kruś, ‘apa krośa’ captures the active expression of verbal abuse, contrasting 

with milder notions like mere “calling out” or “lamenting,” which are reflected

in other derivatives (e.g., anu krośa for compassion or gentler calling).

Summary:

Apa Krośa (अपक्रोशः) is a Sanskrit noun meaning abuse, reviling, or verbal

reproach. It is considered a strong linguistic action, associated with insult or 

censure, and appears in epic and classical texts to describe harsh speech 

directed at a person or object.

References:

• Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, entry: “क्रोशः, अपक्रोशः”
• Sanskrit Dictionary (sanskritdictionary.com): apa krośaḥ
• Contextual mentions in Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata.