Karuṇā (Sanskrit: करुणा) means compassion
or empathy, referring to the deep feeling of concern
for the suffering of others, coupled with the desire
to alleviate that suffering.
Etymology and Literal Meaning
The Sanskrit term karuṇā is derived from the root "kru",
which means to suffer or to lament. The suffix "-ṇā" forms
a noun, collectively meaning the quality of being
compassionate or the empathetic response to suffering.
In classical Sanskrit, the term reflects both an emotional
and an ethical dimension, emphasizing the moral impulse
to act for the well-being of others.
Philosophical Context
In Hinduism, karuṇā appears in many texts including the
Bhagavad Gita and various Upanishads, where it is associated
with dharma, devotion, and ethical action. A person embodying
karuṇā is guided by empathy, motivating kind and compassionate
behavior toward all beings.
Practical Implication
Karuṇā is practiced through actions such as:
- Helping those in need
- Responding with patience and understanding to others' suffering
- Meditation practices focusing on cultivating compassion for all
- living beings
It is considered a virtue that not only benefits others but also purifies
the practitioner’s heart and mind, fostering inner peace and ethical
living.
Summary
Karuṇā is a Sanskrit concept denoting compassion, empathy, and
benevolent responsiveness to suffering. It bridges emotional
sensitivity and moral responsibility, serving as a foundational
principle in Hindu ethics and spiritual practice.
Cultivating karuṇā encourages altruism, emotional awareness,
and deeper spiritual development.
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