śravaṇa

 “Śravaṇa” is a Sanskrit term that primarily 

means “hearing” or “listening,” particularly 

in a spiritual or scriptural context.

Literal Meaning

In Sanskrit, Śravaṇa (श्रवण) is derived from the root śru, which 

means “to hear” or “to listen.” The term specifically refers to the 

act of attentive listening, often with understanding, rather than 

passive hearing. It can be translated as “hearing,” “listening,” 

or “auditory perception”

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Contextual and Spiritual Significance

In Hindu tradition, Śravaṇa holds special importance in spiritual 

practice:

• Listening to Scriptures (Śruti): Śravaṇa often denotes hearing 
• the Vedas, Upanishads, or spiritual discourses respectfully 
• and attentively, forming the first step in the traditional practice 
• of acquiring knowledge (śravaṇa, manana, nididhyāsana). 
• This is considered essential for understanding spiritual wisdom 

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• Part of Sādhana (Spiritual Practice): Śravaṇa is the initial 
• stage of meditative learning, where one listens to teachings 
• from a guru or sacred texts, internalizes them, and reflects 
• upon their meaning. It emphasizes attentive focus and absorption 
• of spiritual knowledge 

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• Moral and Devotional Implication: In devotional contexts, 
• Śravaṇa also refers to listening to the glories of the gods, 
• such as stories of Krishna or Rama, which cultivates devotion 
• and moral understanding 

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Related Concepts

• Manana: Reflection or contemplation on what is heard
• Nididhyāsana: Deep meditation or assimilation of the knowledge 
• acquired through listening

In summary, Śravaṇa is more than just hearing—it represents 

mindful, reflective listening, especially of sacred or philosophical 

teachings, forming the foundation for comprehension and

internalization in spiritual practice 

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