In Sanskrit, “पर्युपासिता” (paryupāsitā) is the feminine
past participle form meaning “honored,” “revered,” or
“attended to with respect.”
Grammatical Analysis
- Root Verb: The term comes from the compound "pary-upās" (पर्युपास), which means "to attend closely," "to revere,"
- or "to honor."
- Gender & Number: The suffix -tā makes it feminine singular in agreement with the noun
- it qualifies in Sanskrit grammar.
- 2 Sources
Related Forms
Sanskrit Form | Gender / Number | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
paryupāsitaḥ (पर्युपासितः) | Masculine singular | Honored, revered (masculine subject) |
paryupāsitā (पर्युपासिता) | Feminine singular | Honored, revered (feminine subject) |
paryupāsitam (पर्युपासितम्) | Neuter singular | Honored, revered (neuter subject) |
paryupāste (पर्युपास्ते) | Verb (past passive) | Attended/revered |
In essence, paryupāsitā conveys a sense of reverence,
respectful attendance, or being honored, commonly used
in religious and philosophical contexts.
The Sanskrit term paryupāsitā (पर्युपासिता) appears in classical
Hindu texts, including the Mahābhārata, often in contexts
referring to devotion, diligence, or close engagement with study,
duty, or service. It is a compound formed from pari (around,
thoroughly) and upāsitā, a past participle of upās meaning
"one who sits near, attends upon, reveres, or worships."
In the Udyoga Parva, Chapter 15, which deals primarily with
diplomacy, peace efforts, and the alignment of counsel for the
impending Kurukshetra war, paryupāsitā functions in a moral
and relational context rather than purely religious. It typically
describes a person who is attentively devoted or earnestly
serving another, especially in the sense of:
- Attentive observation or careful engagement: showing
- careful attention to directives, advice, or instructions.
- Earnest devotion or service: performing duties faithfully,
- with respect and commitment.
- Diligent adherence: closely following moral, ritualistic,
- or practical guidance.
A possible literal translation of paryupāsitā can be rendered as:
"carefully attended to," "diligently engaged with," "faithfully served,"
or "reverently devoted."
Contextual Example in Chapter 15:
In the assembly of kings and emissaries, when messages are
sent to understand the intentions of the Kauravas or when
Krishna advises the Pandavas’ allies to act prudently, the
term paryupāsitā underscores earnest engagement and
fidelity to righteous counsel. It conveys that the instructions
or duties have been observed with full attention and faithful
service, highlighting ethical diligence rather than mere formality.
Contextual Nuance:
Unlike a strictly devotional sense (bhakti), here paryupāsitā
emphasizes moral and disciplined attentiveness—preparing for negotiations, military readiness, and wise counsel.
It implies that the agent is fully aligned with the ethical
and strategic expectations of their role.
Summary Translation Suggestion:
Depending on the sentence, paryupāsitā can be translated
in Chapter 15 as:
- "faithfully attended,"
- "diligently observed,"
- "reverently complied with," or
- "earnestly performed."
This keeps the Mahābhārata’s blend of dharmic propriety
and practical engagement intact.
References:
- Kisari Mohan Ganguli translation, Udyoga Parva, Chapters 14–16.
- Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
- Kathleen Garbutt, Mahabharata Udyoga Parva, Clay Sanskrit Library.
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