The Sanskrit word “parikleśaṁ” (परिक्लेशं) generally
means “affliction,” “trouble,” “obstacle,” or “distress,”
referring to a state of mental, emotional, or worldly
suffering.
Breakdown and Etymology
- Prefix: “pari-” (परि) – indicates surrounding, all-encompassing,
- or thorough.
- Root: “kleśa” (क्लेश) – a common Sanskrit noun meaning affliction,
- pain, suffering, mental distress, or contamination in a spiritual
- or ethical context.
- Declension: “parikleśaṁ” (परिक्लेशं) is in the accusative
- singular neuter form (of parikleśa).
Contextual Meanings
General Usage:
trouble, obstacle, difficulty, or affliction in material or worldly life.
Philosophical/Spiritual Usage:
mental suffering or emotional disturbance (kleśa is often used
in Yoga and Buddhist texts to denote the afflictions that cloud
the mind, such as desire, anger, and ignorance).
Example in Literature:
In classical texts, one may find phrases like parikleśaṁ durgaṁ
meaning “the affliction is difficult to overcome.”
Synonyms
Some closely related Sanskrit words include:
- dukha (दुःख) — sorrow or pain
- viparyaya (विपर्यय) — disturbance or perversion
- kashtam (कष्टम्) — hardship, difficulty
as Monier-Williams or the ISKCON Sanskrit portal , which provide authoritative definitions and textual examples.
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