In the context of the Mahābhārata and related
Dharmashastra/Purāṇic texts, the word "dāyaṁ"
(Sanskrit: दायं) refers to a legal, rightful, or inheritable
share, typically in property or estate that is due to a person
by virtue of inheritance, family law, or religious duty.
It is related to the concept of dāyabhāk, which prescribes
that when one inherits property (from a father, ancestors,
or predecessor), that property must eventually be
transferred appropriately to the next generation.
For instance, in Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 5.7.8, Bharata Mahārāja
“divides the wealth he had received from his forefathers
among his sons,” described using the term yathā-dāyaṁ, meaning exactly “according to the proper share or
inheritance law.” This shows that dāyaṁ denotes the legitimate
portion of property or wealth that one is entitled to
receive or distribute.
Thus, in your Mahābhārata verse, when Yudhiṣṭhira speaks
or acts regarding dāyaṁ, it signifies his rightful share or
lawful portion, whether in property, kingdom, or other
entitlements, which he expects to receive in accordance
with dharmic rules. In modern terms, it is analogous to
“inheritance share” or “entitled portion”.
Literal Meaning:
- Primary sense: “dāyaṁ” refers to a due, allotted share,
- portion, or entitlement.
- Etymology: from the verbal root dā- (“to give”) plus the
- neuter ending yaṁ, rendering “that which is to be given”
- or “legitimate gift/obligation.”
Primary sense: “dāyaṁ” refers to a due, allotted share,
portion, or entitlement.
Etymology: from the verbal root dā- (“to give”) plus the
neuter ending yaṁ, rendering “that which is to be given”
or “legitimate gift/obligation.”
Summary
- Sanskrit term: दायं (dāyaṁ)
- Meaning in context: rightful share, portion, or inheritance
- due to a person
- Usage in Mahābhārata/Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: refers to Yudhiṣṭhira’s entitlement
- to property or estate, lawfully determined according to
- dharma.
This term is fundamental in understanding conflicts over property,
inheritance, and dharmic duty in the epics.
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