The term paryudastā (Sanskrit: पर्युडस्ता) appears in classical
Sanskrit, including the Mahabharata, and can be analyzed
etymologically and contextually for its meaning in the Sabha
Parva.
- Etymology:
- The word is derived from the root ud (उद्, “to rise, to
- appear, to present”) with the prefix pari- (परि, “around, fully, throughout”) and suffix -stā indicating the past participle form.
- Literally, paryudastā can be rendered as “fully presented,”
- “displayed,” “manifested,” or “submitted for consideration.”
- Context in Sabha Parva:
- Sabha Parva narrates the opulent assembly hall of the
- Pandavas, the Rajasuya sacrifice, the principle of governance
- (dharma of kings), and events like the dice game.
- In chapters concerning audiences, gift offerings, and
- ceremonial appearances, paryudastā is used to describe
- people or objects that are formally presented, displayed
- before an assembly, or offered to a king or sage.
- For example:
- Guests, sages, or gifts brought to Yudhishthira’s assembly
- could be described as paryudastā, implying they are placed
- ceremonially before the king or the assembly.
- Narada’s presentation of counsel or observation to
- Yudhishthira could use the term to show that advice
- or wisdom is properly submitted or manifested for
- consideration.
- English Equivalent in Translations:
- Kisari Mohan Ganguli’s translation often renders similar
- contextually ceremonial verbs as “presented before,”
- “came and stood before,” “offered,” or “manifested.”
- Manmatha Nath Dutt translates actions in assemblies with
- phrases like “approached and displayed themselves,”
- which aligns with the ceremonial or devout connotations
- of paryudastā.
Summary Translation:
In the Sabha Parva, paryudastā can be translated as:
“presented before (the assembly/king), displayed, submitted,”
“presented before (the assembly/king), displayed, submitted,”
emphasizing the formal, ceremonial nature of the act.
Example Usage in English Context:
- Sanskrit: Sages paryudastā
- English: “The sages presented themselves before the king” or
- “The sages stood revealed in the assembly.”
This translation captures both the literal meaning and the ritualistic
context of the term as used in the Mahabharata Sabha Parva.
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